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Post by africaone on May 4, 2016 11:40:21 GMT
Djugu (as far as I remember) has been explored by Robert D. and other entomologist in the past(I don't remember leucotaenia has been found there). May be you can ask him ...
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Post by mygos on May 4, 2016 14:38:55 GMT
Djugu is the type locality for Cymothoe collarti collarti where Collart caught it in 1928 ...
A+, Michel
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Post by cabintom on May 4, 2016 15:49:27 GMT
Djugu (as far as I remember) has been explored by Robert D. and other entomologist in the past In fact, according to both Robert and Steve Collins, Djugu has been under-collected. Robert had a local collecting for him for a short while, but those efforts were disrupted because of the war in the late 1990s through 2000s. There were other entomologists who have collected there as well, but I don't think extensively. Both Robert and Steve have suggested I take every opportunity I can to collect in that forest. That said, no leucotaenia has not been found there, but it's the only forest of its size and health at any sort of altitude in the area. Actually, this has got me thinking... much of the high altitude forest in the Kivus have also been cleared. If I'm remembering correctly, Robert hasn't collected leucotaenia in decades. It's possible that it isn't even in Congo anymore... do you know of any recent records?
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Post by africaone on May 4, 2016 16:31:19 GMT
in the past, it seemed to be a more southern species but as it seems to have been caught recently in north Uganda recently (JPL alias Papillon can confirm or not this), why not in N. Kivu or Ituri ?
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Post by cabintom on May 6, 2016 14:49:44 GMT
JP Lequeux hasn't heard of leucotaenia being caught in northern Uganda. Where is this rumour coming from Thierry?
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Post by africaone on May 11, 2016 10:43:46 GMT
I agree with you that this group needs much further study. There is a plan in the pipeline to 'do' all of the African Papilio species, as there are many other issues beyond the nireus group such as where do antimachus and zalmoxis belong as well as problems in several other species groups. Adam. Adam
Why wasn't zalmoxis and antimachus yet included in recent genetic studies on Papilionidae ? Does a such paper exist that i have omitted ?
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Post by Adam Cotton on May 11, 2016 12:14:09 GMT
No, they have never been included in a DNA analysis, and neither have the cynorta or zenobia groups of Papilio. There is a plan to do a comprehensive study of African Papilio species, hopefully sometime soon.
Adam.
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Post by africaone on Mar 11, 2017 23:07:41 GMT
I recently put a zalmoxis in barcode by curiosity. It falls into the nireus group on a certain POV, this is not so surprising as it is blue / greenish like the species of the nireus group and there is something nireus in the verso surface. need to be confirmed of course with other analysis.
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Post by Adam Cotton on Mar 12, 2017 8:53:54 GMT
Which other non-nireus group species did you include in the analysis? Also what type of analysis did you run?
Adam.
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Post by africaone on Mar 12, 2017 9:39:07 GMT
i just made a try with COI5P ... no more then just indicative. the nearest (orizabus) is not so far and at 6-7 %, but it associated in the cluster of nireus group (if not confirmed by more general analysis, it seems at least the sister group). also there are few species barcoded and maybe the nearest is not yet in the datas. the other way may be something between ulysses group and nireus group.
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Post by mcheki on Mar 12, 2017 19:32:31 GMT
I recently put a zalmoxis in barcode by curiosity. It falls into the nireus group on a certain POV, this is not so surprising as it is blue / greenish like the species of the nireus group and there is something nireus in the verso surface. need to be confirmed of course with other analysis. Does it now follow that the larvae of zalmoxis could be found on a member of the plant family Rutacaea? This is the plant family that nireus feeds on, whereas it has been suggested before that zalmoxis would be found on Piperaceae or Aristolochiacae the plant families utilised by other birdwing type butterflies. Also the yellow abdomen is not found in nireus. The larval foodplant, according to Williams, of the common species P oribazus is also unknown, unlike many of the African blue banded species where Rutacaea is utilised. There are some other, less common, blue banded species where the foodplant is also unknown.
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Post by africaone on Mar 12, 2017 21:39:23 GMT
This is also one of the first thing I thought. It's early to make such a conclusion , but of course it needs to be kept in mind.
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Post by Adam Cotton on Mar 12, 2017 21:40:53 GMT
I rather doubt that zalmoxis or antimachus for that matter are actually Troidini, and thus feed on Aristolochia. They are large, but structurally are not obviously close to Troidini.
Most African Papilio species do feed on Rutaceae, but it is also possible that these two species could feed on Magnoliaceae. Of course africaone placing the COI sequence close to the nireus group is not a big surprise, if he didn't include representatives of most other African species groups as well. Currently several groups have not been analysed (especially the cynorta and zenobia groups), but so far we can recognise 3 distinct lineages for African Papilio species, demodocus group, nireus group and dardanus group.
The dardanus group is much older than the other groups, and interestingly P. anactus of Australia is basal to this group, which shows the Gondwana origin of these. However, until a proper analysis is made with more than just mtDNA sequences including representatives of all the groups we can't really be certain where they all belong, and even afterwards we may not be certain!
Adam.
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Post by africaone on Mar 13, 2017 7:48:22 GMT
the demodocus group is well represented (with many species including rex) and it far from nireus groups, the only representant in the analysis of B/W group is zoroastres that is also completely separated. the zalmoxis sample is inside the nireus group.
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Post by Adam Cotton on Mar 13, 2017 14:17:39 GMT
No, P. rex is not related to demodocus, it is part of the dardanus lineage. The demodocus group is more closely related to the Asian Papilio species.
Adam.
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