The Early History of the Extinct British Cicadetta montana.
Jun 4, 2019 13:22:29 GMT
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The Early History of the Extinct New Forest Cicada Cicadetta montana in Britain.
This article details the early history of the extinct New Forest Cicada Cicadetta montana in Britain. Historically there was much confusion over the identity of the British species. Although it is now placed in the genus Cicadetta, it is usually referred to in this article by its abbreviated English name of Cicada.
The first account of a British Cicada was given by George Samouelle in 1819, in the Entomologist's Useful Compendium (page 229). Samouelle writes" The only species to inhabit this county was lately discovered by Mr Daniel Bydder, near the New Forest in Hampshire, and he gives further details on page 394 "Cicada Anglica? Pennington Common? Hants". Samouelle illustrated the Cicada in colour on plate five of his book, almost certainly from one of the specimens collected by Bydder. Morley (1941) wrote " of Mr Bydder's original captures a male and two females were sent before 1824 by Joseph Sparshall to J.C. Dale." Sparshall a well known entomologist of Norwich was an acquaintance of Simon Wilkin (1790-1862), a publisher, literary scholar and entomologist. Wilkin of Costessey Hall, situated four miles west of Norwich, had sent Bydder to collect for him in the New Forest during 1812, when he had found the Cicada. Westwood (1835) wrote " The best practical collector whom I have ever heard of is Daniel Bydder, a Spitalfield labourer, by whom some of our most interesting insects were discovered". Very little is known about Bydder. He is mentioned by James William Bond (1803 – 1887), a Spitalfield weaver and early microscope slide mounter, in his recently discovered entomological journal. Bond gives details of Bydder visiting a number of localities around London between 1825 & 1831. During his visit to the New Forest, Bydder also added to the British list several other notable insects that included the rare and attractive hoverfly Calliprobia speciosa and the beetle Platypus cylindrus of the Curculionidae family.
Figure 1. Cicada anglica. Plate five (fig 2) by George Samouelle (1819). Entomologist's Useful Compendium.
John Curtis in British Entomology (1831) wrote " Cicada Anglica was discovered in the New Forest about 20 years since, a statement that did not please Simon Wilkin his former employer. Wilkin (1835) writes " It is perfectly true that, till recently, no species of the true Linnæan Cicadæ, (Tettigonia, Fab.) had been discovered in Great Britain. About twenty years since, I had the pleasure of adding this classical and most interesting genus to the British Fauna. Having, about that time, engaged Mr. Daniel Bydder (a weaver in Spitalfields, and a very enthusiastic entomologist) to collect for me in the New Forest, Hampshire. I received from him thence many valuable insects from time to time, and at length, to my surprise and great satisfaction, a pair of cicadæ! Mr. John Curtis (since deservedly well known as the author of British Entomology) was then residing with me as draughtsman; and no doubt our united examinations were diligently bestowed to find the little stranger among the described species of the continent. I quite forget whether he bestowed a MS. name; probably not: as scarcely hoping that the first species discovered to be indigenous, would also prove to be peculiar to our country, and be distinguished by the national appellation of Cicada anglica. Yet so it has proved: Mr. Samouelle, I believe, first gave it that name; and Mr. Curtis has given an exquisite figure, and full description of it, in the 7th vol of his British Entomology, No. 392. I cannot however speak in so high terms of his account of its original discovery. I cannot understand why he has thus dryly noticed it: “C. Anglica was first discovered in the New Forest, about twenty years ago.” I should have supposed that it might have given him some pleasure to attach to his narrative the name of an old friend, from whom he had received early and valuable assistance, and to whom he was indebted for his acquaintance with the art he has so long and so successfully pursued. At all events he ought to have recorded the name of the poor man by whose industry and perseverance the discovery was effected."
Figure 2. Cicada anglica. John Curtis. British Entomology (1823-1840), vol 9, plate 392 1832.
The next entomologist who came in search of the New Forest Cicada with much success was Richard Weaver, the Birmingham professional collector. At this time the Cicada commanded a high price. Weaver had a long correspondence with James Charles Dale of Glanvilles Wootton in Dorset. Weaver wrote to Dale in a letter that is dated November 1825 " I intend going to Mr Bacon, Tadworth House near Reading in Berkshire to collect for a few days, and then to the New Forest and perhaps may take the Cicada. I took one last season but it was flown, *Mr Westwood has got it, but I know where to look for them. " *John Obadiah Westwood (1805 -1893) who was at that time working for a firm of solicitors in London, but was already a passionate entomologist.
Weaver (1832) in the Magazine of Natural History wrote " In July 1826 while ranging in the New Forest, Hants, between Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst, preserving in my search after rare insects, I was delighted at length on discovering a specimen ... of *Cicada haematodes, resting on the stem of a fern (Pteris aquilina). The sun was shining at the time, and the day intensely hot. I had previously been at a very great loss in what manner I should procure a specimen of this scarce insect for my museum, knowing that it had been vigilantly sought after by the most diligent collectors for many years, and that its history and manner of secreting itself had never been recorded by naturalists... I have, nevertheless, spent numbers of dreary hours in that extensive forest at these periods, without the desired success, and was certainly fortunate in my discovery at last, by accident rather than intention. I may here observe that the insect either appears sluggish in its habits or is altogether unconscious of its danger, as it suffered me to approach and take it off the stem of the fern without making the slightest effort to escape. A few days after taking the first I discovered a second and a very fine specimen in the same situation ; and two days after this I caught another in my net. From the nature of the flight of this I imagined it to be Aestrus bovis, as it exactly resembled the flight of this insect, except that the duration of the flight of the Cicada haematodes is short. The first insect had evidently flown some time, from the wasted state in which I found it. I was strongly reminded at the moment of an observation of the eminent entomologist, Mr Haworth, in describing a rare insect " It had rather over travelled". I have taken five specimens in the course of my researches, by watching their passage, going immediately to the spot, and taking them up with my finger and thumb. The Cicada moves only when the sun shines, and in direction through the New Forest, from Lyndhurst towards Brockenhurst, keeping the left hand side of the turnpike road, about the space of from half a mile to a mile within the forest ; and this I believe to be the only locality in which it has hitherto been taken." According to Weaver's account, he would have seem to have re-discovered the Cicada in 1826, but in the letter to Dale dated November 1825, he clearly stated that he took a flown specimen that year. * Weaver thought the British species was Tibicina haematodes Scopoli 1763, a European species that does not occur in Britain. Our British Cicada was later recognized as the Cicadetta montana Scopoli, 1772 that is found throughout Europe, where it is endangered in several countries and has disappeared from certain areas. Allan (1965) gave Weaver's account of the Cicada in the New Forest for July 1826, he himself had taken the Cicada in the New Forest at Bramshaw Common during 1898.
Figure 3. Cicadetta montana by Fritz Geller-Grimm, photographed in Croatia. Wikimedia Commons.
According to Morley (1941) Weaver took the Cicada at Ramnor Inclosure in 1828, securing a further five specimens that went into the collection of the Rev C.H.S. Bird of Burghfield near Reading . In a letter to Dale written on the 28 February 1829 Weaver writes " Respecting Cicada, as Mr Curtis wants, I have but one out of my cabinet, that is as fine as possible to be, but I cannot part with it for less than £10.00"... " some time ago, a gentleman offered me £20 worth of scarce insects for one Cicada, that temptation I could not refuse, the insects being such as I could soon sell, I have taken 5 Cicadas last summer at the New Forest, but 20 collectors might go and not take one, as they are very particular way with them. I do not know when I shall go to the New Forest again, as last time it cost me nearly £20, from the time I left Birmingham until I arrived in London, then I was at the forest 9 weeks after that, and had very bad weather. So I shall be at a great loss by my last summer's collecting." Weaver ended his letter by informing Dale that he might be prepared to exchange the Cicada for a very perfect specimen of the Kentish Glory, Endromis versicolora ( then only known from very few specimens from Kent, its other English and Scottish localities had yet to be discovered) or the skin of a silver and golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus for his museum. In a letter to Dale dated 6 October 1830 Weaver mentioned that he had been called upon by several entomologists to examine his cabinet drawers, one being the wealthy Frederick William Hope (1797 – 1862). George Thomas Rudd (1795 - 1847) who had visited Weaver with his friend Hope, had purchased his last Cicada, which Dale had wanted. In 1833 Hope and Rudd were among the founders of the Entomological Society of London, that today is known as the Royal Entomological Society.
After several unsuccessful visits to the New Forest in search of the Cicada, James Charles Dale and John Curtis captured their first specimens there during 1831. Dale's records in his Entomological Calendar that six were beaten out of thick whitethorn near furze in the Bishop of Winchester Inclosure just north-east of Wood Findley, on the 28 May 1831, and three Cicadas were taken flying there on the 7 June 1831. Curtis in his British Entomology recorded further details of their visit and the capture of the Cicada, writing " The first I took on the 2nd of June and on the 7th two more, the males fly about like bumble-bees ( nothing less similar to their sustained blind swoop through the air is imaginable) the females I beat out of whitethorns and some of them flew into furze bushes and when entangled, they made a buzzing sound like a Libellula. They are also found on the stems of ferns, and I suspect the larva live in the roots."
Captain Charles Blomer who was staying in the New Forest at Brockenhurst in 1834, recorded in his Entomological Journal that On the 21 May he was at Ramblea (Ramnor inclosure) where he took another Cicada and there met Richard Weaver, who had taken 7 specimens of the Cicada and found two cases of the pupa on ferns, from which the adults had recently emerged. On the 21 May he again met with Weaver at the Cicada grounds, recording that the professional collector could get as much as £10 for a single specimen (£1276 in today's money) a considerable amount at that time for a single insect specimen. On the 22 May Blomer wrote to Dale that he looked forward to his coming to visit him at his cottage at Brockenhurst, where he was staying, mentioning both his and Weaver's captures of the much sought after Cicada, and that Weaver " has every advantage over me, he knows the locality of very rare insects in this neighbourhood."
Figure 4. Cicadetta montana Dale coll, OUMNH.
Figures 5 & 6. Specimens of Cicadetta montana captured by James Charles Dale near Wood Findley in the New Forest on the 28 May 1831 & the 7 June 1831. Dale coll, OUMNH.
The only records of the Cicada outside of the New Forest appear to be from the Hastlemere district of Surrey in the 19th century, when a few individuals were reported. Charles G. Barrett reported in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine that in 1864, near Hastlemere he found a specimen of the Cicada in a grassy ride in a copse, and he saw another there a few days later. One further specimen was apparently captured near Chiddingfold, Surrey in 1937 (Morley, 1941).
C. montana was rarely found in any numbers in its New Forest haunts. Claude Morley (1874- 1951) who had taken a pair of the Cicada in 1907, documented the records of this species in the Entomologist between the original discovery and 1941. It was recorded most years in the New Forest throughout the 19th and much of the early part 20th century, but it had become scarce there by the 1930s and none were seen by Lt-Col F.C. Frazer when he searched the Forest between 1935 & 1939. Morley found a single individual in the northern part of the Forest in 1941. It was then thought to have become extinct until it was rediscovered in 1962, however the last confirmed sighting was in 1993. All recent attempts to find the Cicada in the New Forest, including those made by modern technology to listen for singing males have failed so far, but this may be continuing. See www.newforestcicada.info/
References.
Allan., P.B.M., 1965 The New Forest Cicada. The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 77: 295-296.B
Barrett C.G. 1864. Cicada anglica in Surrey. Entomologist 1: 171
Bond, J.W, 1825-1858 Entomological Journal. Unpublished manuscript.
Blomer, C., 1826-1835. Letters to J.C. Dale. Dale Archive. Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Blomer, C., Entomological Diary 1820-1834. Dale Archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History. (with many notes by J.C. Dale)
Dale J.C. 1808-1835. Entomological Calendar. Dale archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Curtis, J. (1823- 1840) British Entomology : being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. London.
Morley, C. (1941) The History of Cicadetta montana Scop in Britain, 1812-1940; The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 77 : 41-56.
Wilkin, S. (1835) Sir Thomas Browne’s Work; Including his Life and Correspondence. Volume 3 Footnote: pages 92-93 .William Pickering, London.
Samouelle, G. (1819) The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium T. Boys, London.
Weaver, R. 1825-30. Letters to J.C. Dale. Dale archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Weaver, R., 1832. Five specimens of Cicada haematodes, captured in the New Forest. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology,Botany, Mineralogy, geology and meteorology 5: 668-669.
Wedgewood, J.O., 1835 The Entomologist's Text Book; an Introduction to the Natural History .
This article details the early history of the extinct New Forest Cicada Cicadetta montana in Britain. Historically there was much confusion over the identity of the British species. Although it is now placed in the genus Cicadetta, it is usually referred to in this article by its abbreviated English name of Cicada.
The first account of a British Cicada was given by George Samouelle in 1819, in the Entomologist's Useful Compendium (page 229). Samouelle writes" The only species to inhabit this county was lately discovered by Mr Daniel Bydder, near the New Forest in Hampshire, and he gives further details on page 394 "Cicada Anglica? Pennington Common? Hants". Samouelle illustrated the Cicada in colour on plate five of his book, almost certainly from one of the specimens collected by Bydder. Morley (1941) wrote " of Mr Bydder's original captures a male and two females were sent before 1824 by Joseph Sparshall to J.C. Dale." Sparshall a well known entomologist of Norwich was an acquaintance of Simon Wilkin (1790-1862), a publisher, literary scholar and entomologist. Wilkin of Costessey Hall, situated four miles west of Norwich, had sent Bydder to collect for him in the New Forest during 1812, when he had found the Cicada. Westwood (1835) wrote " The best practical collector whom I have ever heard of is Daniel Bydder, a Spitalfield labourer, by whom some of our most interesting insects were discovered". Very little is known about Bydder. He is mentioned by James William Bond (1803 – 1887), a Spitalfield weaver and early microscope slide mounter, in his recently discovered entomological journal. Bond gives details of Bydder visiting a number of localities around London between 1825 & 1831. During his visit to the New Forest, Bydder also added to the British list several other notable insects that included the rare and attractive hoverfly Calliprobia speciosa and the beetle Platypus cylindrus of the Curculionidae family.
Figure 1. Cicada anglica. Plate five (fig 2) by George Samouelle (1819). Entomologist's Useful Compendium.
John Curtis in British Entomology (1831) wrote " Cicada Anglica was discovered in the New Forest about 20 years since, a statement that did not please Simon Wilkin his former employer. Wilkin (1835) writes " It is perfectly true that, till recently, no species of the true Linnæan Cicadæ, (Tettigonia, Fab.) had been discovered in Great Britain. About twenty years since, I had the pleasure of adding this classical and most interesting genus to the British Fauna. Having, about that time, engaged Mr. Daniel Bydder (a weaver in Spitalfields, and a very enthusiastic entomologist) to collect for me in the New Forest, Hampshire. I received from him thence many valuable insects from time to time, and at length, to my surprise and great satisfaction, a pair of cicadæ! Mr. John Curtis (since deservedly well known as the author of British Entomology) was then residing with me as draughtsman; and no doubt our united examinations were diligently bestowed to find the little stranger among the described species of the continent. I quite forget whether he bestowed a MS. name; probably not: as scarcely hoping that the first species discovered to be indigenous, would also prove to be peculiar to our country, and be distinguished by the national appellation of Cicada anglica. Yet so it has proved: Mr. Samouelle, I believe, first gave it that name; and Mr. Curtis has given an exquisite figure, and full description of it, in the 7th vol of his British Entomology, No. 392. I cannot however speak in so high terms of his account of its original discovery. I cannot understand why he has thus dryly noticed it: “C. Anglica was first discovered in the New Forest, about twenty years ago.” I should have supposed that it might have given him some pleasure to attach to his narrative the name of an old friend, from whom he had received early and valuable assistance, and to whom he was indebted for his acquaintance with the art he has so long and so successfully pursued. At all events he ought to have recorded the name of the poor man by whose industry and perseverance the discovery was effected."
Figure 2. Cicada anglica. John Curtis. British Entomology (1823-1840), vol 9, plate 392 1832.
The next entomologist who came in search of the New Forest Cicada with much success was Richard Weaver, the Birmingham professional collector. At this time the Cicada commanded a high price. Weaver had a long correspondence with James Charles Dale of Glanvilles Wootton in Dorset. Weaver wrote to Dale in a letter that is dated November 1825 " I intend going to Mr Bacon, Tadworth House near Reading in Berkshire to collect for a few days, and then to the New Forest and perhaps may take the Cicada. I took one last season but it was flown, *Mr Westwood has got it, but I know where to look for them. " *John Obadiah Westwood (1805 -1893) who was at that time working for a firm of solicitors in London, but was already a passionate entomologist.
Weaver (1832) in the Magazine of Natural History wrote " In July 1826 while ranging in the New Forest, Hants, between Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst, preserving in my search after rare insects, I was delighted at length on discovering a specimen ... of *Cicada haematodes, resting on the stem of a fern (Pteris aquilina). The sun was shining at the time, and the day intensely hot. I had previously been at a very great loss in what manner I should procure a specimen of this scarce insect for my museum, knowing that it had been vigilantly sought after by the most diligent collectors for many years, and that its history and manner of secreting itself had never been recorded by naturalists... I have, nevertheless, spent numbers of dreary hours in that extensive forest at these periods, without the desired success, and was certainly fortunate in my discovery at last, by accident rather than intention. I may here observe that the insect either appears sluggish in its habits or is altogether unconscious of its danger, as it suffered me to approach and take it off the stem of the fern without making the slightest effort to escape. A few days after taking the first I discovered a second and a very fine specimen in the same situation ; and two days after this I caught another in my net. From the nature of the flight of this I imagined it to be Aestrus bovis, as it exactly resembled the flight of this insect, except that the duration of the flight of the Cicada haematodes is short. The first insect had evidently flown some time, from the wasted state in which I found it. I was strongly reminded at the moment of an observation of the eminent entomologist, Mr Haworth, in describing a rare insect " It had rather over travelled". I have taken five specimens in the course of my researches, by watching their passage, going immediately to the spot, and taking them up with my finger and thumb. The Cicada moves only when the sun shines, and in direction through the New Forest, from Lyndhurst towards Brockenhurst, keeping the left hand side of the turnpike road, about the space of from half a mile to a mile within the forest ; and this I believe to be the only locality in which it has hitherto been taken." According to Weaver's account, he would have seem to have re-discovered the Cicada in 1826, but in the letter to Dale dated November 1825, he clearly stated that he took a flown specimen that year. * Weaver thought the British species was Tibicina haematodes Scopoli 1763, a European species that does not occur in Britain. Our British Cicada was later recognized as the Cicadetta montana Scopoli, 1772 that is found throughout Europe, where it is endangered in several countries and has disappeared from certain areas. Allan (1965) gave Weaver's account of the Cicada in the New Forest for July 1826, he himself had taken the Cicada in the New Forest at Bramshaw Common during 1898.
Figure 3. Cicadetta montana by Fritz Geller-Grimm, photographed in Croatia. Wikimedia Commons.
According to Morley (1941) Weaver took the Cicada at Ramnor Inclosure in 1828, securing a further five specimens that went into the collection of the Rev C.H.S. Bird of Burghfield near Reading . In a letter to Dale written on the 28 February 1829 Weaver writes " Respecting Cicada, as Mr Curtis wants, I have but one out of my cabinet, that is as fine as possible to be, but I cannot part with it for less than £10.00"... " some time ago, a gentleman offered me £20 worth of scarce insects for one Cicada, that temptation I could not refuse, the insects being such as I could soon sell, I have taken 5 Cicadas last summer at the New Forest, but 20 collectors might go and not take one, as they are very particular way with them. I do not know when I shall go to the New Forest again, as last time it cost me nearly £20, from the time I left Birmingham until I arrived in London, then I was at the forest 9 weeks after that, and had very bad weather. So I shall be at a great loss by my last summer's collecting." Weaver ended his letter by informing Dale that he might be prepared to exchange the Cicada for a very perfect specimen of the Kentish Glory, Endromis versicolora ( then only known from very few specimens from Kent, its other English and Scottish localities had yet to be discovered) or the skin of a silver and golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus for his museum. In a letter to Dale dated 6 October 1830 Weaver mentioned that he had been called upon by several entomologists to examine his cabinet drawers, one being the wealthy Frederick William Hope (1797 – 1862). George Thomas Rudd (1795 - 1847) who had visited Weaver with his friend Hope, had purchased his last Cicada, which Dale had wanted. In 1833 Hope and Rudd were among the founders of the Entomological Society of London, that today is known as the Royal Entomological Society.
After several unsuccessful visits to the New Forest in search of the Cicada, James Charles Dale and John Curtis captured their first specimens there during 1831. Dale's records in his Entomological Calendar that six were beaten out of thick whitethorn near furze in the Bishop of Winchester Inclosure just north-east of Wood Findley, on the 28 May 1831, and three Cicadas were taken flying there on the 7 June 1831. Curtis in his British Entomology recorded further details of their visit and the capture of the Cicada, writing " The first I took on the 2nd of June and on the 7th two more, the males fly about like bumble-bees ( nothing less similar to their sustained blind swoop through the air is imaginable) the females I beat out of whitethorns and some of them flew into furze bushes and when entangled, they made a buzzing sound like a Libellula. They are also found on the stems of ferns, and I suspect the larva live in the roots."
Captain Charles Blomer who was staying in the New Forest at Brockenhurst in 1834, recorded in his Entomological Journal that On the 21 May he was at Ramblea (Ramnor inclosure) where he took another Cicada and there met Richard Weaver, who had taken 7 specimens of the Cicada and found two cases of the pupa on ferns, from which the adults had recently emerged. On the 21 May he again met with Weaver at the Cicada grounds, recording that the professional collector could get as much as £10 for a single specimen (£1276 in today's money) a considerable amount at that time for a single insect specimen. On the 22 May Blomer wrote to Dale that he looked forward to his coming to visit him at his cottage at Brockenhurst, where he was staying, mentioning both his and Weaver's captures of the much sought after Cicada, and that Weaver " has every advantage over me, he knows the locality of very rare insects in this neighbourhood."
Figure 4. Cicadetta montana Dale coll, OUMNH.
Figures 5 & 6. Specimens of Cicadetta montana captured by James Charles Dale near Wood Findley in the New Forest on the 28 May 1831 & the 7 June 1831. Dale coll, OUMNH.
The only records of the Cicada outside of the New Forest appear to be from the Hastlemere district of Surrey in the 19th century, when a few individuals were reported. Charles G. Barrett reported in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine that in 1864, near Hastlemere he found a specimen of the Cicada in a grassy ride in a copse, and he saw another there a few days later. One further specimen was apparently captured near Chiddingfold, Surrey in 1937 (Morley, 1941).
C. montana was rarely found in any numbers in its New Forest haunts. Claude Morley (1874- 1951) who had taken a pair of the Cicada in 1907, documented the records of this species in the Entomologist between the original discovery and 1941. It was recorded most years in the New Forest throughout the 19th and much of the early part 20th century, but it had become scarce there by the 1930s and none were seen by Lt-Col F.C. Frazer when he searched the Forest between 1935 & 1939. Morley found a single individual in the northern part of the Forest in 1941. It was then thought to have become extinct until it was rediscovered in 1962, however the last confirmed sighting was in 1993. All recent attempts to find the Cicada in the New Forest, including those made by modern technology to listen for singing males have failed so far, but this may be continuing. See www.newforestcicada.info/
References.
Allan., P.B.M., 1965 The New Forest Cicada. The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 77: 295-296.B
Barrett C.G. 1864. Cicada anglica in Surrey. Entomologist 1: 171
Bond, J.W, 1825-1858 Entomological Journal. Unpublished manuscript.
Blomer, C., 1826-1835. Letters to J.C. Dale. Dale Archive. Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Blomer, C., Entomological Diary 1820-1834. Dale Archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History. (with many notes by J.C. Dale)
Dale J.C. 1808-1835. Entomological Calendar. Dale archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Curtis, J. (1823- 1840) British Entomology : being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. London.
Morley, C. (1941) The History of Cicadetta montana Scop in Britain, 1812-1940; The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 77 : 41-56.
Wilkin, S. (1835) Sir Thomas Browne’s Work; Including his Life and Correspondence. Volume 3 Footnote: pages 92-93 .William Pickering, London.
Samouelle, G. (1819) The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium T. Boys, London.
Weaver, R. 1825-30. Letters to J.C. Dale. Dale archive. Library Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Weaver, R., 1832. Five specimens of Cicada haematodes, captured in the New Forest. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology,Botany, Mineralogy, geology and meteorology 5: 668-669.
Wedgewood, J.O., 1835 The Entomologist's Text Book; an Introduction to the Natural History .
